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What are the types of game theory?
Imagine a society where choosing who washes the dishes doesn't always need a coin toss or a game of rock-paper-scissors.
Then, Welcome to the world of game theory, where choices are transformed into complex riddles that would send the smartest cat chasing its tail.
Don't worry; we're here to explain game theory's depths and solve its puzzles in terms that even your grandmother's pet parrot could understand!!
Certainly! Based on the sorts of games and the techniques used, there are several types or types of game theory. The basic types of game theory are as follows:
1. Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Games
- Players can develop groups and legal agreements in these cooperative games to get better rewards.
The main idea behind cooperative game theory is that players should cooperate in order to provide the greatest results for the group.
- Players cannot enter into enforced by-law agreements in these non-cooperative games. Players make decisions on their own, sometimes without being fully aware of what other players have decided.
When individuals are unable to reach formal agreements, non-cooperative game theory examines the techniques they use.
2. Zero-Sum and Non-Zero-Sum Games
- A player's gain in a zero-sum game is exactly offset by another player's loss. Throughout every phase of the game, the overall payout is constant. Sports competitions and particular card games come to mind as examples.
- In these non-zero-sum games, it is possible for player payoffs to differ from one another in indirect ways. Cooperation between people becomes increasingly important since the overall payout is subject to change. Economic discussions and business talks frequently come under this label.
3. Symmetric and Asymmetric Information Games
- All players in these Symmetric Information games are aware of the game's rules, strategies, and rewards. Due to the fact that every participant has access to the same fundamental knowledge about the cards in the deck, poker is an example of a game with symmetric information.
- Here in Asymmetric Information Games, players have different levels of information. One player may have more information or private information that others don't possess. A classic example is the "lemons problem" in the used car market, where the seller knows more about the car's condition than the buyer.
4. Simultaneous and Sequential Games
- Players make decisions simultaneously when playing simultaneous games without knowing what their opponents will do. Consider the game of rock-paper-scissors, in which both players make their decisions immediately.
- In sequential games, players make decisions in a set sequence while being aware of the decisions made by earlier players. Chess is a sequential game in which each move is a response to the before move of the opponent.
5. Complete and Incomplete Information Games
- In Complete Information games, players have full knowledge of the game's rules, strategies, and payoffs. Card games like blackjack often fall into this category.
- Players are unsure of a few game features in this situation. A typical example of a game where there is some incomplete information is poker when participants are unaware of each other's hand.
What are the four elements of game theory?
- Ah, game theory that interesting field where planning, making choices, and a dash of unexpected all come together like a well-timed joke.
- You are surely wondering what the four elements of this game of games are, then. So put on the brain cap and let's explore the exciting world of game theory!
Element 1: The Show's Stars are the Players
- Imagine a theatre stage with a cast of characters poised to perform in the limelight. These people are the players in game theory, each with their own strategies and objectives.
- Imagine a strategy fight between two players, let's name them Alice and Bob. They like battling wizards as well, but instead of throwing spells, they are throwing options at each other. Will Alice risk it all or take the safe route? Will Bob trick her or fall victim to his own scheme?
- These players provide the game theory stage some flavor, drama, and maybe a plot twist.
Element 2: Strategies - Chess techniques
- Let's now discuss strategies. These are similar to those clever chess moves that determine whether you win or lose by providing difficult reasons. A strategy is similar to your masterstroke or hidden plan.
- Think of sharing a piece of chocolate cake with your friend. Do you take the bigger piece and risk losing the cherry on your friendship, or do you be friendly and separated it equally?
- That right there is the core of game theory! The key is to choose your course of action depending on what your competition could do. Who knew life could be so strategic? It's like a dinner party with everyone negotiating for the last piece of pizza.
Element 3: Payoffs - Sweet Rewards
- Let's move on to the exciting part now: the payoffs. You receive them as incentives, wins, and virtual high-fives for making the proper decisions. Imagine playing a virtual pet game where your job is to watch over penguins.
- You can either play with or feed your penguin fish. It is valuable if you feed it; it is also content if you play. What then is the catch? Although feeding it is less expensive, playing with it is more enjoyable.
- Your reward is the joy you feel and, at times, a look of pride from beating your virtual penguin.
Element 4: Information - Mysterious Clues
- Last but not least, we have information on the Sherlock Holmes of game theory. Imagine a game of hide and seek where you have clues about where your friend might be hiding.
- These hints are beloved by game theory! What you know and what you believe you know could completely change a game. You know what you have, but your opponent does not. It is similar to playing cards while wearing a poker face.
- You can play sometimes or you might simply stare your cards down as though you own them money. In this strategic spectacle, the information game plays out in this manner.
What are the two types of strategy in game theory?
- Consider yourself at a dinner party and in front of a tray of delicious sweets. There is just one remaining slice of your favorite cake, but your friend has his eyes on it. In an age-old game of strategy, you find yourself caught up, and whether you realize it or not, you're going to use some clever game theory.
- Game theory is a method of thinking that can transform even the most relaxed situation into a mental competition; it's not only for brainiacs or rocket scientists. Furthermore, the two sorts of strategies that players employ to outsmart one another at the core of game theory are Dominating strategies and Nash equilibrium. Sounds posh, doesn't it? Okay, let's simplify things with a little fun!
Dominant Strategies: The Trump Card of Game Theory
- You might think of dominant strategies as your secret weapon. They are your hidden weapon, the plan you use to make sure the greatest result no matter what your opponent does.
- It is the "always ahead of the game" move. Think about competing for the final piece of pizza with a friend.
- You and your friend both know how much you love pizza. Therefore, you strongly say, "I'm going for the pizza slice!" Your friend chooses the sausage as well in an effort to make themselves as happy as possible.
Nash Equilibrium: Harmony in the Land of Strategy
- Imagine that you and your friend are once again challenged with a dessert, but this time there is a twist. You have two options: fruit tart or chocolate cake. Your buddy is in the same situation. It depends on your friend's choice of dessert whether you get to choose the one that makes you feel the happiest.
- Great if you choose the same dessert together! However, if you and your buddy pick different desserts, you'd prefer to eat the one your friend didn't pick. Nash equilibrium becomes relevant in this situation.
- Finding the sweet spot when neither player has a reason to change their strategy in light of what the other player is doing is similar to achieving Nash equilibrium. It's like when you and your friend both decide on the chocolate cake at the same time and neither of you wants to change your mind since you are both happy with your decisions.
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